Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 31

Tens of thousands of Kaffirs have adopted the religion of the Europeans, and the facility with which such changes can be made as were alluded to in the last paragraph has encouraged them to introduce ideas borrowed from their teachers.

Who acts: such changes, facility · What happens: adopt, make, allude, encourage, introduce, borrow · To what, where: Tens, such changes, last paragraph, changes, ideas

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (such changes, facility), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tens	ten	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 adopted	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 thousands	case
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Tens	nmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Kaffirs	case
5	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 thousands	nmod
6	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 adopted	aux
7	adopted	adopt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 religion	det
9	religion	religion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 adopted	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 Europeans	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Europeans	det
12	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	9 religion	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 encouraged	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 encouraged	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 facility	det
16	facility	facility	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 encouraged	nsubj
17	with	with	ADP	_	18 which	case
18	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 made	obl
19	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 changes	amod
20	changes	change	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 made	nsubj:pass
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 made	aux
22	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	23 made	aux:pass
23	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 facility	acl:relcl
24	as	as	SCONJ	_	26 alluded	mark
25	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 alluded	aux:pass
26	alluded	allude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	23 made	xcomp
27	to	to	ADP	_	26 alluded	obl
28	in	in	ADP	_	31 paragraph	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 paragraph	det
30	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 paragraph	amod
31	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 alluded	obl
32	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 encouraged	aux
33	encouraged	encourage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 adopted	conj
34	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 encouraged	obj
35	to	to	PART	_	36 introduce	mark
36	introduce	introduce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 encouraged	advcl
37	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 introduce	obj
38	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 ideas	acl
39	from	from	ADP	_	41 teachers	case
40	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	41 teachers	nmod:poss
41	teachers	teacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 borrowed	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 adopted	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	adopt	present · perfect · passive		Tens of thousands of Kaffirs		the religion of the Europeans obj	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme religion=Attribute
2	make	can · passive		such changes		with the facility	tree rules
3	allude	past · passive	such changes not said here		the last paragraph		tree rules
4	encourage	present · perfect	the facility	changes = change			vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
5	introduce	to-infinitive	the facility not said here	ideas			vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient
6	borrow	participle		ideas not said here		from changes's teachers	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from teacher=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/31/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 31

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 31