Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 38
I have directed the work of others, but have myself done nothing more than was necessary to explain the text.
Who acts: I, others · What happens: direct, have, do, be, explain, work · To what, where: work, myself, text
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 directed | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 directed | aux |
| 3 | directed | direct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 work | det |
| 5 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 directed | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 others | case |
| 7 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 work | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 have | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 have | cc |
| 10 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 directed | parataxis |
| 11 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 have | obj |
| 12 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 nothing | amod |
| 13 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 3 directed | conj |
| 14 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 17 necessary | advmod |
| 15 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 17 necessary | mark |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 necessary | cop |
| 17 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 directed | conj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 explain | mark |
| 19 | explain | explain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 17 necessary | csubj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 text | det |
| 21 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 explain | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 directed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | direct | present · perfect | I | the work of others | nothing conj | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | have | present | myself | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Patient | |||||
| 3 | do | participle | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is | past | I not said here | necessary property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | explain speech: assert | to-infinitive | the text | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent text=Topic | |||||
| 6 | work | others | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/38/