Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 48
PAGE Introductory Chapter regarding the Kaffirs 1 The Story of the Bird that made Milk 29 The Story of Five Heads 48 The Story of Tangalimlibo 56 The Story of a Girl who disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane 67 The Story of Simbukumbukwana 72 The Story of Sikulume 78 The Story of Hlakanyana 89 The Story of Demane and Demazana 118 The Story of the Runaway Children; or, the Wonderful Feather 122 The Story of Ironside and his Sister 127 The Story of the Cannibal’s Wonderful Bird 133 The Story of the Cannibal Mother and her Children 137 The Story of the Girl and the Mbulu 144 The Story of Mbulukazi 148 The Story of Long Snake 155 The Story of Kenkebe 158 The Story of the Wonderful Horns 169 The Story of the Glutton 172 The Story of the Great Chief of the Animals 176 The Story of the Hare 179 The Story of Lion and Little Jackal 186 Proverbs and Figurative Expressions 191 Notes 207
Who acts: Bird, Girl · What happens: regard, make, disregard · To what, where: Story, Milk, Custom
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bird, Girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PAGE | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 regarding | compound |
| 2 | Introductory | Introductory | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 PAGE | appos |
| 3 | Chapter | Chapter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Introductory | flat |
| 4 | regarding | regard | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 Kaffirs | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Kaffirs | det |
| 6 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 Kaffirs | flat |
| 8 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Story | det |
| 9 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Kaffirs | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Bird | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Bird | det |
| 12 | Bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Story | nmod |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 made | nsubj |
| 14 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 Bird | acl:relcl |
| 15 | Milk | Milk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 made | obj |
| 16 | 29 | 29 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 Milk | flat |
| 17 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Story | det |
| 18 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 made | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Heads | case |
| 20 | Five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 Heads | nummod |
| 21 | Heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 Story | parataxis |
| 22 | 48 | 48 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 Heads | list |
| 23 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Story | det |
| 24 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 48 | nmod:unmarked |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Tangalimlibo | case |
| 26 | Tangalimlibo | Tangalimlibo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Story | nmod |
| 27 | 56 | 56 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 Tangalimlibo | flat |
| 28 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Story | det |
| 29 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Tangalimlibo | appos |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Girl | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 Girl | det |
| 32 | Girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 Story | nmod |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 disregarded | nsubj |
| 34 | disregarded | disregard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 Girl | acl:relcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Custom | det |
| 36 | Custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 disregarded | obj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Ntonjane | case |
| 38 | Ntonjane | Ntonjane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Custom | nmod |
| 39 | 67 | 67 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 Ntonjane | flat |
| 40 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Story | det |
| 41 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Ntonjane | appos |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 Simbukumbukwana | case |
| 43 | Simbukumbukwana | Simbukumbukwana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Story | nmod |
| 44 | 72 | 72 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 43 Simbukumbukwana | flat |
| 45 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 Story | det |
| 46 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 disregarded | obj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 Sikulume | case |
| 48 | Sikulume | Sikulume | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Story | nmod |
| 49 | 78 | 78 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 46 Story | flat |
| 50 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Story | det |
| 51 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 disregarded | obj |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 Hlakanyana | case |
| 53 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 Story | nmod |
| 54 | 89 | 89 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 51 Story | appos |
| 55 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 Story | det |
| 56 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 89 | nmod:unmarked |
| 57 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 Demane | case |
| 58 | Demane | Demane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 Story | nmod |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 Demazana | cc |
| 60 | Demazana | Demazana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 Demane | conj |
| 61 | 118 | 118 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 60 Demazana | flat |
| 62 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 Story | det |
| 63 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 Story | appos |
| 64 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 Children | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 Children | det |
| 66 | Runaway | Runaway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 Children | compound |
| 67 | Children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 Story | nmod |
| 68 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 73 Feather | punct |
| 69 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 73 Feather | cc |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 or | punct |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 Feather | det |
| 72 | Wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 Feather | amod |
| 73 | Feather | feather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 Children | nmod |
| 74 | 122 | 122 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 73 Feather | flat |
| 75 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 76 Story | det |
| 76 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 73 Feather | appos |
| 77 | of | of | ADP | _ | 78 Ironside | case |
| 78 | Ironside | Ironside | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 Story | nmod |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 81 Sister | cc |
| 80 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 81 Sister | nmod:poss |
| 81 | Sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 Story | conj |
| 82 | 127 | 127 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 81 Sister | flat |
| 83 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 Story | det |
| 84 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 Story | conj |
| 85 | of | of | ADP | _ | 90 Bird | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 87 Cannibal | det |
| 87 | Cannibal | Cannibal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 90 Bird | nmod:poss |
| 88 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 87 Cannibal | case |
| 89 | Wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 90 Bird | amod |
| 90 | Bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 Story | nmod |
| 91 | 133 | 133 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 90 Bird | flat |
| 92 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 Story | det |
| 93 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 90 Bird | appos |
| 94 | of | of | ADP | _ | 97 Mother | case |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 Mother | det |
| 96 | Cannibal | Cannibal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 97 Mother | compound |
| 97 | Mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 93 Story | nmod |
| 98 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 100 Children | cc |
| 99 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 100 Children | nmod:poss |
| 100 | Children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 97 Mother | conj |
| 101 | 137 | 137 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 100 Children | flat |
| 102 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 103 Story | det |
| 103 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 100 Children | nmod |
| 104 | of | of | ADP | _ | 106 Girl | case |
| 105 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 106 Girl | det |
| 106 | Girl | Girl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 103 Story | nmod |
| 107 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 109 Mbulu | cc |
| 108 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 109 Mbulu | det |
| 109 | Mbulu | Mbulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 103 Story | conj |
| 110 | 144 | 144 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 109 Mbulu | flat |
| 111 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 112 Story | det |
| 112 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 109 Mbulu | flat |
| 113 | of | of | ADP | _ | 114 Mbulukazi | case |
| 114 | Mbulukazi | Mbulukazi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 112 Story | nmod |
| 115 | 148 | 148 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 109 Mbulu | list |
| 116 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 117 Story | det |
| 117 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 109 Mbulu | appos |
| 118 | of | of | ADP | _ | 120 Snake | case |
| 119 | Long | Long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 120 Snake | amod |
| 120 | Snake | Snake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 117 Story | nmod |
| 121 | 155 | 155 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 103 Story | list |
| 122 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 123 Story | det |
| 123 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 103 Story | parataxis |
| 124 | of | of | ADP | _ | 125 Kenkebe | case |
| 125 | Kenkebe | Kenkebe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 123 Story | nmod |
| 126 | 158 | 158 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 125 Kenkebe | flat |
| 127 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 128 Story | det |
| 128 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 123 Story | appos |
| 129 | of | of | ADP | _ | 132 Horns | case |
| 130 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 132 Horns | det |
| 131 | Wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 132 Horns | amod |
| 132 | Horns | Horn | PROPN | Number=Plur | 128 Story | nmod |
| 133 | 169 | 169 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 132 Horns | flat |
| 134 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 135 Story | det |
| 135 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 132 Horns | appos |
| 136 | of | of | ADP | _ | 138 Glutton | case |
| 137 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 138 Glutton | det |
| 138 | Glutton | Glutton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 135 Story | nmod |
| 139 | 172 | 172 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 138 Glutton | flat |
| 140 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 141 Story | det |
| 141 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 138 Glutton | flat |
| 142 | of | of | ADP | _ | 145 Chief | case |
| 143 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 145 Chief | det |
| 144 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 145 Chief | amod |
| 145 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 141 Story | nmod |
| 146 | of | of | ADP | _ | 148 Animals | case |
| 147 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 148 Animals | det |
| 148 | Animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 145 Chief | nmod |
| 149 | 176 | 176 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 148 Animals | flat |
| 150 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 151 Story | det |
| 151 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 148 Animals | nmod |
| 152 | of | of | ADP | _ | 154 Hare | case |
| 153 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 154 Hare | det |
| 154 | Hare | Hare | PROPN | Number=Sing | 151 Story | nmod |
| 155 | 179 | 179 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 154 Hare | flat |
| 156 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 157 Story | det |
| 157 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 154 Hare | conj |
| 158 | of | of | ADP | _ | 159 Lion | case |
| 159 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 157 Story | nmod |
| 160 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 162 Jackal | cc |
| 161 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 162 Jackal | amod |
| 162 | Jackal | Jackal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 151 Story | conj |
| 163 | 186 | 186 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 162 Jackal | flat |
| 164 | Proverbs | Proverb | PROPN | Number=Plur | 162 Jackal | flat |
| 165 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 167 Expressions | cc |
| 166 | Figurative | figurative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 167 Expressions | amod |
| 167 | Expressions | expression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 151 Story | conj |
| 168 | 191 | 191 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 169 Notes | nummod |
| 169 | Notes | Note | PROPN | Number=Plur | 167 Expressions | nmod |
| 170 | 207 | 207 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 169 Notes | flat |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | regard | gerund | PAGE compound | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | make | past | the Bird | the Story of Five Heads | Milk | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset milk=Beneficiary story=Product | |||
| 3 | disregard | past | a Girl | the Custom of Ntonjane | the Story of Sikulume obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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