Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 133
He said: “Let me go and ask the women; perhaps they saw who ate the meat of the chief.”
Who acts: Hlakanyana, women · What happens: say, let, go, ask, see, eat · To what, where: Hlakanyana, women, meat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, women), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 5 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 6 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 Let | obj |
| 7 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 Let | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 ask | cc |
| 9 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 Let | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 women | det |
| 11 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 ask | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 saw | punct |
| 13 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 15 saw | advmod |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 saw | nsubj |
| 15 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 ate | nsubj |
| 17 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 saw | ccomp |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 meat | det |
| 19 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ate | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 chief | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 chief | det |
| 22 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 meat | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | Hlakanyana | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | go in a quote | infinitive | Hlakanyana not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask in a quote | infinitive | the women | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent woman=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | see in a quote | past | women = woman | perhaps property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | eat in a quote | past | the meat of the chief | who nsubj | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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