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Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 221

Hlakanyana said: “You have broken my pot, the pot that I received from the people who make pots, the people who broke my digging-stick, the digging-stick that I received from my companion, my companion who ate my birds and left me with the heads.”

Who acts: Hlakanyana, You, people, companion · What happens: say, break, receive, make, eat, leave · To what, where: pot, pots, digging stick, companion, birds, Hlakanyana · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, You, people, companion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjpunctpunctnsubjauxccompnmod:possobjpunctdetconjobjnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblnsubjacl:relclobjpunctdetconjnsubjacl:relclnmod:posscompoundpunctobjpunctdetcompoundpunctconjobjnsubjacl:relclcasenmod:possoblpunctnmod:possconjnsubjacl:relclnmod:possobjccconjiobjcasedetoblpunctpunctrootHlakanyanaPROPNsaidVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTYouPRONhaveAUXbrokenVERBmyPRONpotNOUN,PUNCTtheDETpotNOUNthatPRONIPRONreceivedVERBfromADPtheDETpeopleNOUNwhoPRONmakeVERBpotsNOUN,PUNCTtheDETpeopleNOUNwhoPRONbrokeVERBmyPRONdiggingNOUN-PUNCTstickNOUN,PUNCTtheDETdiggingNOUN-PUNCTstickNOUNthatPRONIPRONreceivedVERBfromADPmyPRONcompanionNOUN,PUNCTmyPRONcompanionNOUNwhoPRONateVERBmyPRONbirdsNOUNandCCONJleftVERBmePRONwithADPtheDETheadsNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HlakanyanaHlakanyanaPROPNNumber=Sing2 saidnsubj
2saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3::PUNCT_7 brokenpunct
4“"PUNCT_7 brokenpunct
5YouyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs7 brokennsubj
6havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 brokenaux
7brokenbreakVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part2 saidccomp
8mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs9 potnmod:poss
9potpotNOUNNumber=Sing7 brokenobj
10,,PUNCT_12 potpunct
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 potdet
12potpotNOUNNumber=Sing9 potconj
13thatthatPRONPronType=Rel15 receivedobj
14IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs15 receivednsubj
15receivedreceiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 potacl:relcl
16fromfromADP_18 peoplecase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 peopledet
18peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur15 receivedobl
19whowhoPRONPronType=Rel20 makensubj
20makemakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin18 peopleacl:relcl
21potspotNOUNNumber=Plur20 makeobj
22,,PUNCT_24 peoplepunct
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 peopledet
24peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur21 potsconj
25whowhoPRONPronType=Rel26 brokensubj
26brokebreakVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 peopleacl:relcl
27mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs30 sticknmod:poss
28diggingdiggingNOUNNumber=Sing30 stickcompound
29--PUNCT_28 diggingpunct
30stickstickNOUNNumber=Sing26 brokeobj
31,,PUNCT_35 stickpunct
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 stickdet
33diggingdiggingNOUNNumber=Sing35 stickcompound
34--PUNCT_33 diggingpunct
35stickstickNOUNNumber=Sing30 stickconj
36thatthatPRONPronType=Rel38 receivedobj
37IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs38 receivednsubj
38receivedreceiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 stickacl:relcl
39fromfromADP_41 companioncase
40mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs41 companionnmod:poss
41companioncompanionNOUNNumber=Sing38 receivedobl
42,,PUNCT_44 companionpunct
43mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs44 companionnmod:poss
44companioncompanionNOUNNumber=Sing9 potconj
45whowhoPRONPronType=Rel46 atensubj
46ateeatVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin44 companionacl:relcl
47mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs48 birdsnmod:poss
48birdsbirdNOUNNumber=Plur46 ateobj
49andandCCONJ_50 leftcc
50leftleaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 brokenconj
51meIPRONCase=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs50 leftiobj
52withwithADP_54 headscase
53thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art54 headsdet
54headsheadNOUNNumber=Plur50 leftobl
55..PUNCT_2 saidpunct
56”"PUNCT_2 saidpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertpastHlakanyanavn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2break in a quotepresent · perfectYoumy pot and the pot and my companionvn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pot=Patient
3receive in a quotepastHlakanyanathe potfrom the peoplevn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from people=Source
4make in a quotepresentthe peoplepots and the peoplevn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pot=Product
5break in a quotepastthe peoplemy digging stick and the digging stickvn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stick=Patient
6receive in a quotepastHlakanyanathe digging stickmy companionvn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from companion=Source
7eat in a quotepastmy companionmy birdsvn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient
8leave in a quotepastYou not said hereHlakanyanawith the headsvn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Recipient with head=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/221/