Mova0.5 pre-release⌕
☰
home / corpora / tales / Kaffir folk-lore / The Story of Hlakanyana. / 229

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 229

Hlakanyana said: “You have killed my goat, the goat that I received from the boys that were tending goats, the boys that broke my pot, the pot that I received from the people who make pots, the people who broke my digging-stick, the digging-stick that I received from my companion, my companion who ate my birds and left me with the heads.”

Who acts: Hlakanyana, that, boys, people, companion · What happens: say, kill, receive, tend, be, break · To what, where: You, goat, tending goats, pot, pots, digging stick · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, that, boys, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjpunctpunctnsubj:passauxccompnmod:possobjpunctdetapposobjnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblnsubjcopamodnmodpunctdetconjnsubjacl:relclnmod:possobjpunctdetconjobjnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblnsubjacl:relclobjpunctdetconjnsubjacl:relclnmod:posscompoundpunctobjpunctdetcompoundpunctconjobjnsubjacl:relclcasenmod:possoblpunctnmod:possconjnsubjacl:relclnmod:possobjccconjiobjcasedetoblpunctpunctrootHlakanyanaPROPNsaidVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTYouPRONhaveAUXkilledVERBmyPRONgoatNOUN,PUNCTtheDETgoatNOUNthatPRONIPRONreceivedVERBfromADPtheDETboysNOUNthatPRONwereAUXtendingVERBgoatsNOUN,PUNCTtheDETboysNOUNthatPRONbrokeVERBmyPRONpotNOUN,PUNCTtheDETpotNOUNthatPRONIPRONreceivedVERBfromADPtheDETpeopleNOUNwhoPRONmakeVERBpotsNOUN,PUNCTtheDETpeopleNOUNwhoPRONbrokeVERBmyPRONdiggingNOUN-PUNCTstickNOUN,PUNCTtheDETdiggingNOUN-PUNCTstickNOUNthatPRONIPRONreceivedVERBfromADPmyPRONcompanionNOUN,PUNCTmyPRONcompanionNOUNwhoPRONateVERBmyPRONbirdsNOUNandCCONJleftVERBmePRONwithADPtheDETheadsNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HlakanyanaHlakanyanaPROPNNumber=Sing2 saidnsubj
2saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3::PUNCT_7 killedpunct
4“"PUNCT_7 killedpunct
5YouyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs7 killednsubj:pass
6havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 killedaux
7killedkillVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass2 saidccomp
8mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs9 goatnmod:poss
9goatgoatNOUNNumber=Sing7 killedobj
10,,PUNCT_12 goatpunct
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 goatdet
12goatgoatNOUNNumber=Sing9 goatappos
13thatthatPRONPronType=Rel15 receivedobj
14IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs15 receivednsubj
15receivedreceiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 goatacl:relcl
16fromfromADP_18 boyscase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 boysdet
18boysboyNOUNNumber=Plur15 receivedobl
19thatthatPRONPronType=Rel22 goatsnsubj
20werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin22 goatscop
21tendingtendVERBVerbForm=Ger22 goatsamod
22goatsgoatNOUNNumber=Plur18 boysnmod
23,,PUNCT_25 boyspunct
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 boysdet
25boysboyNOUNNumber=Plur22 goatsconj
26thatthatPRONPronType=Rel27 brokensubj
27brokebreakVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin25 boysacl:relcl
28mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs29 potnmod:poss
29potpotNOUNNumber=Sing27 brokeobj
30,,PUNCT_32 potpunct
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 potdet
32potpotNOUNNumber=Sing29 potconj
33thatthatPRONPronType=Rel35 receivedobj
34IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs35 receivednsubj
35receivedreceiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin32 potacl:relcl
36fromfromADP_38 peoplecase
37thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art38 peopledet
38peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur35 receivedobl
39whowhoPRONPronType=Rel40 makensubj
40makemakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin38 peopleacl:relcl
41potspotNOUNNumber=Plur40 makeobj
42,,PUNCT_44 peoplepunct
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 peopledet
44peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur22 goatsconj
45whowhoPRONPronType=Rel46 brokensubj
46brokebreakVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin44 peopleacl:relcl
47mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs50 sticknmod:poss
48diggingdiggingNOUNNumber=Sing50 stickcompound
49--PUNCT_48 diggingpunct
50stickstickNOUNNumber=Sing46 brokeobj
51,,PUNCT_55 stickpunct
52thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art55 stickdet
53diggingdiggingNOUNNumber=Sing55 stickcompound
54--PUNCT_53 diggingpunct
55stickstickNOUNNumber=Sing50 stickconj
56thatthatPRONPronType=Rel58 receivedobj
57IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs58 receivednsubj
58receivedreceiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin55 stickacl:relcl
59fromfromADP_61 companioncase
60mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs61 companionnmod:poss
61companioncompanionNOUNNumber=Sing58 receivedobl
62,,PUNCT_64 companionpunct
63mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs64 companionnmod:poss
64companioncompanionNOUNNumber=Sing9 goatconj
65whowhoPRONPronType=Rel66 atensubj
66ateeatVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin64 companionacl:relcl
67mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs68 birdsnmod:poss
68birdsbirdNOUNNumber=Plur66 ateobj
69andandCCONJ_70 leftcc
70leftleaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 killedconj
71meIPRONCase=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs70 leftiobj
72withwithADP_74 headscase
73thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art74 headsdet
74headsheadNOUNNumber=Plur70 leftobl
75..PUNCT_2 saidpunct
76”"PUNCT_2 saidpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertpastHlakanyanavn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2kill in a quotepresent · perfect · passiveYoumy goat and my companion objvn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer goat=Result
3receive in a quotepastHlakanyanathe goatfrom the boysvn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from boy=Source
4tend in a quotegerundvn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
5is a in a quotepastthattending goats and the boys and the peoplethe boys conj; the people conjtree rules
6break in a quotepastthe boysmy pot and the potvn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pot=Patient
7receive in a quotepastHlakanyanathe potfrom the peoplevn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from people=Source
8make in a quotepresentthe peoplepotsvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pot=Product
9break in a quotepastthe peoplemy digging stick and the digging stickvn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stick=Patient
10receive in a quotepastHlakanyanathe digging stickmy companionvn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent that=Theme from companion=Source
11eat in a quotepastmy companionmy birdsvn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient
12leave in a quotepastHlakanyanawith the headsvn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Recipient with head=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/229/