Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 232
He said to them: “You only suck the cows without letting the calf suck first.
Who acts: Hlakanyana, goats, calf · What happens: say, suck, let · To what, where: goats, cows, calf · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, goats, calf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 them | case |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | obl |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 suck | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 suck | punct |
| 7 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 suck | nsubj |
| 8 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 suck | advmod |
| 9 | suck | suck | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cows | det |
| 11 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 suck | obj |
| 12 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 13 letting | mark |
| 13 | letting | let | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 suck | advcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 calf | det |
| 15 | calf | calf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 letting | obj |
| 16 | suck | suck | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 letting | xcomp |
| 17 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 16 suck | advmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | goats = goat | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | suck in a quote | present | goats = goat | the cows | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent cow=Source | ||||
| 3 | let in a quote | gerund | goats = goat not said here | the calf | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | suck in a quote | present | the calf not said here | first property | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/232/