Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 338

The iguana took that rush and threw it across the river, saying: “If I could only see him, I would throw him like this.”

Who acts: iguana · What happens: take, throw, say, see · To what, where: rush, river, iguana · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (iguana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 iguana	det
2	iguana	iguana	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 took	nsubj
3	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 rush	det
5	rush	rush	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 took	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 threw	cc
7	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 took	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 threw	obj
9	across	across	ADP	_	11 river	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 river	det
11	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 threw	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 saying	punct
13	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 threw	advcl
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 see	punct
15	“	"	PUNCT	_	20 see	punct
16	If	if	SCONJ	_	20 see	mark
17	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 see	nsubj
18	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 see	aux
19	only	only	ADV	_	20 see	advmod
20	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 saying	advcl
21	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 see	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 throw	punct
23	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	25 throw	nsubj
24	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 throw	aux
25	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 took	parataxis
26	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 throw	obj
27	like	like	ADP	_	28 this	case
28	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	25 throw	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 took	punct
30	”	"	PUNCT	_	3 took	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	take	past	the iguana	that rush			vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent rush=Theme clause=Attribute
2	throw	past	the iguana not said here	rush	the river		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	say speech: assert	gerund	the iguana not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	see a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	could	the iguana = iguana	iguana			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
5	throw in a quote	would	the iguana = iguana	iguana		like this	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 338

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 338