Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 345
At the time for giving food, the leopardess came back and said: “Give me my children that I may suckle them.”
Who acts: time, leopardess, children · What happens: give, come back, say, suckle · To what, where: food, children · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, leopardess, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | obl |
| 4 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 5 giving | mark |
| 5 | giving | give | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 time | acl |
| 6 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 giving | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 time | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 leopardess | det |
| 9 | leopardess | leopardess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | nsubj |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | back | back | ADV | _ | 10 came | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 said | cc |
| 13 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 came | conj |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 Give | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 Give | punct |
| 16 | Give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 said | ccomp |
| 17 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 Give | iobj |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 children | nmod:poss |
| 19 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 Give | iobj |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 suckle | nsubj |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 suckle | nsubj |
| 22 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 suckle | aux |
| 23 | suckle | suckle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 children | acl:relcl |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 suckle | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 Give | punct |
| 26 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 Give | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | gerund | the time not said here | food | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 2 | come back | past | the leopardess | time | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the leopardess not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | give in a quote | infinitive | my children | me iobj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient child=Theme | ||||
| 5 | suckle in a quote | may | my children | children = child | I nsubj | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/345/