Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 378
There was one tree that belonged to the chief of the animals only.
Who acts: one tree · What happens: be, belong
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 was | expl |
| 2 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 tree | nummod |
| 4 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 belonged | nsubj |
| 6 | belonged | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tree | acl:relcl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 chief | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 chief | det |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 belonged | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 animals | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 animals | det |
| 12 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 chief | nmod |
| 13 | only | only | ADV | _ | 12 animals | advmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | one tree | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | belong | past | one tree | to the chief of the animals | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/378/