Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 382
Then Hlakanyana sent a monkey to the chief to ask the name of the tree.
Who acts: Hlakanyana · What happens: send, ask, name · To what, where: monkey, chief, name, tree
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 sent | advmod |
| 2 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | nsubj |
| 3 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 monkey | det |
| 5 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | obj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 chief | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 chief | det |
| 8 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | obl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 ask | mark |
| 10 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sent | advcl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 name | det |
| 12 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ask | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 tree | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tree | det |
| 15 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 name | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | Hlakanyana | a monkey | the chief | then | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent monkey=Theme to chief=Destination | ||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | Hlakanyana not said here | the name of the tree | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | name | the tree | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/382/