Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 384
As the monkey was returning, he struck his foot against a stone and fell down, which caused him to forget the name of the tree.
Who acts: monkey · What happens: return, strike, fall down, cause, forget, name · To what, where: foot, monkey, name, tree
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 5 returning | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 monkey | det |
| 3 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 returning | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 returning | aux |
| 5 | returning | return | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 struck | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 returning | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 struck | nsubj |
| 8 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 foot | nmod:poss |
| 10 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 struck | obj |
| 11 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 stone | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 stone | det |
| 13 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 struck | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 fell | cc |
| 15 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 struck | conj |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 fell | compound:prt |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 caused | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 caused | nsubj |
| 19 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 fell | conj |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 caused | obj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 forget | mark |
| 22 | forget | forget | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 caused | xcomp |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 name | det |
| 24 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 forget | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 tree | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tree | det |
| 27 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 name | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past · progressive | the monkey | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | strike | past | monkey | monkey's foot | against a stone | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent foot=Instrument against stone=Patient | |||
| 3 | fall down | past | monkey not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | cause | past | monkey | which nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | forget | to-infinitive | monkey not said here | the name of the tree | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | name | the tree | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/384/