Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 392
Hlakanyana said: “Let us make a plan to find out who ate the fruit of the tree of the chief.”
Who acts: Hlakanyana, us · What happens: say, let, make, find out, eat · To what, where: us, plan, fruit · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 5 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 6 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 Let | obj |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 Let | xcomp |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 plan | det |
| 9 | plan | plan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 make | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 find | mark |
| 11 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 plan | acl |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 find | compound:prt |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 ate | nsubj |
| 14 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 find | ccomp |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fruit | det |
| 16 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ate | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 tree | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tree | det |
| 19 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fruit | nmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 chief | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 chief | det |
| 22 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tree | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | make in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | a plan | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plan=Product | ||||
| 4 | find out in a quote | to-infinitive | us not said here | a plan not said here | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | eat in a quote | past | the fruit of the tree of the chief | who nsubj | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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