Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 394
Hlakanyana said: “Let us put a rope from one rock to another, and let all go over it.
Who acts: Hlakanyana, us, all · What happens: say, let, put, go · To what, where: us, rope, one rock, all, rock · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, us, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Let | punct |
| 5 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 6 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 Let | obj |
| 7 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 Let | xcomp |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 rope | det |
| 9 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 put | obj |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 rock | case |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 rock | nummod |
| 12 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 put | obl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 another | case |
| 14 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 put | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 let | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 let | cc |
| 17 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 Let | conj |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 let | obj |
| 19 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 let | xcomp |
| 20 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 it | case |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 go | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | put in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | a rope | one rock | to another | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent rope=Goal | ||
| 4 | let in a quote | infinitive | all | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | go in a quote | infinitive | all not said here | rock | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over it=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/394/