Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 5
Then the people said: “Let us kill an ox, perhaps the wife of the chief will then bear a child.”
Who acts: people, us, wife · What happens: say, let, kill, bear · To what, where: us, ox, child · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, us, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
| 7 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 8 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 Let | obj |
| 9 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 Let | xcomp |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 ox | det |
| 11 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 kill | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 bear | punct |
| 13 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 21 bear | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 wife | det |
| 15 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 bear | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 chief | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 chief | det |
| 18 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 wife | nmod |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 bear | aux |
| 20 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 bear | advmod |
| 21 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 Let | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 child | det |
| 23 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 bear | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the people | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | kill in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | a ox | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Theme | ||||
| 4 | bear in a quote | future | the wife of the chief | a child | then | perhaps property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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