Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 55
Hlakanyana replied: “I am stronger than you; just see if you can lift this piece of meat.”
Who acts: Hlakanyana, you · What happens: reply, be, see, lift · To what, where: piece · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 replied | nsubj |
| 2 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 stronger | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 stronger | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 stronger | nsubj |
| 6 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 stronger | cop |
| 7 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 replied | parataxis |
| 8 | than | than | ADP | _ | 9 you | case |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 stronger | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 see | punct |
| 11 | just | just | ADV | _ | 12 see | advmod |
| 12 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 replied | parataxis |
| 13 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 lift | mark |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 lift | nsubj |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 lift | aux |
| 16 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 see | advcl |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 piece | det |
| 18 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lift | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 meat | case |
| 20 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 piece | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 see | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | Hlakanyana | than you; strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | see in a quote | infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | lift a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | can | you | this piece of meat | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/55/