Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 62
They called Hlakanyana, and asked him what he had done with the meat.
Who acts: men, Hlakanyana · What happens: call, ask, do · To what, where: Hlakanyana · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 called | nsubj |
| 2 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 called | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 asked | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 asked | cc |
| 6 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 called | conj |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 asked | iobj |
| 8 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 done | obj |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 done | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 done | aux |
| 11 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 asked | ccomp |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 meat | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 meat | det |
| 14 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 done | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | men = man | Hlakanyana | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hlakanyana=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | men = man not said here | Hlakanyana | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | do | past · perfect | Hlakanyana | with the meat; what obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/62/