Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 1
Once upon a time a brother and sister, who were twins and orphans, were obliged on account of ill usage to run away from their relatives.
Who acts: brother · What happens: be, oblige, run away, account · To what, where: twins, account, relatives, ill usage
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 17 obliged | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Once | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 brother | det |
| 6 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 time | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 sister | cc |
| 8 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 brother | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 twins | punct |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 twins | nsubj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 twins | cop |
| 12 | twins | twin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 brother | appos |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 orphans | cc |
| 14 | orphans | orphan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 twins | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Once | punct |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 obliged | aux:pass |
| 17 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 account | case |
| 19 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 obliged | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 usage | case |
| 21 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 usage | amod |
| 22 | usage | usage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 account | nmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 run | mark |
| 24 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 obliged | advcl |
| 25 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 run | advmod |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 relatives | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 relatives | nmod:poss |
| 28 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 run | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 obliged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | a brother and sister | twins and orphans | orphans conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | oblige | past · passive | account of ill usage | once property | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 3 | run away | to-infinitive | orphans's relatives | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from relative=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | account | ill usage | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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