Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 20
Again he presented himself before the door of the cave, and sang,—
Who acts: friend · What happens: present, sing · To what, where: friend
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 3 presented | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 presented | nsubj |
| 3 | presented | present | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 presented | obj |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 7 door | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 door | det |
| 7 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 presented | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 cave | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cave | det |
| 10 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 door | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sang | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 sang | cc |
| 13 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 presented | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sang | punct |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 presented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | present | past | friend | friend | before the door of the cave; again | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | |||
| 2 | sing speech: express | past | friend not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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