Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 3
They went to live in a cave that had two holes to let in air and light, the entrance to which was protected by a very strong door, with a fastening inside.
Who acts: Demane, cave, strong door · What happens: go, live, have, let in, protect · To what, where: cave, two holes, air
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Demane, cave, strong door), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 went | nsubj |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 live | mark |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 went | xcomp |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 cave | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cave | det |
| 7 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 had | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 cave | acl:relcl |
| 10 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 holes | nummod |
| 11 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 had | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 let | mark |
| 13 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 had | advcl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 let | compound:prt |
| 15 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 let | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 light | cc |
| 17 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 air | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 entrance | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 entrance | det |
| 20 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 air | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 which | case |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 protected | obl |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 protected | aux:pass |
| 24 | protected | protect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 entrance | acl:relcl |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 door | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 door | det |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 strong | advmod |
| 28 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 door | amod |
| 29 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 protected | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 fastening | punct |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 fastening | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 fastening | det |
| 33 | fastening | fastening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 protected | parataxis |
| 34 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 33 fastening | advmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | Demane | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | live | to-infinitive | Demane not said here | a cave | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location | ||||
| 3 | have | past | a cave | two holes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient | ||||
| 4 | let in | to-infinitive | a cave not said here | air and light and the entrance | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 5 | protect | past · passive | a strong door | to the entrance; a fastening parataxis | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/11/3/