Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 43
Then he ran and fell headlong into a pond, where his head stuck fast in the mud, and he became a block of wood like the stump of a tree.
Who acts: Zim, head · What happens: run, fall, stick, become · To what, where: pond, mud, block
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zim, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 ran | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 fell | cc |
| 5 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 6 | headlong | headlong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fell | xcomp |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 pond | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 pond | det |
| 9 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fell | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 stuck | punct |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 14 stuck | advmod |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 head | nmod:poss |
| 13 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stuck | nsubj |
| 14 | stuck | stick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 pond | acl:relcl |
| 15 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 stuck | advmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 mud | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 mud | det |
| 18 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stuck | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 became | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 became | cc |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 became | nsubj |
| 22 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 block | det |
| 24 | block | block | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 became | xcomp |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 wood | case |
| 26 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 block | nmod |
| 27 | like | like | ADP | _ | 29 stump | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 stump | det |
| 29 | stump | stump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 became | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 tree | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 tree | det |
| 32 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 stump | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | Zim | then | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | fall | past | Zim not said here | into a pond result; headlong property | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into pond=Result | ||||
| 3 | stick | participle | Zim's head | the mud | fast property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in mud=Destination | |||
| 4 | become | past | Zim | a block of wood | like the stump of a tree | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/11/43/