Kaffir folk-lore, The Runaway Children; Or, the Wonderful Feather., sentence 20
The woman came and said: “I smell something nice; what is it, my son?”
Who acts: woman · What happens: come, say, smell, be · To what, where: something, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Runaway Children; Or, the Wonderful Feather.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 woman | det |
| 2 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 said | cc |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 smell | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 smell | punct |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 smell | nsubj |
| 9 | smell | smell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | ccomp |
| 10 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 smell | obj |
| 11 | nice | nice | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 something | amod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 son | punct |
| 13 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 son | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 son | cop |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 son | nsubj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 son | punct |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 son | nmod:poss |
| 18 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | parataxis |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 son | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 son | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the woman | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | the woman not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | smell in a quote | present | the woman = woman | something | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | my son | what nsubj; house nsubj; my nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/12/20/