Kaffir folk-lore, The Runaway Children; Or, the Wonderful Feather., sentence 38
They looked behind, and saw clouds of dust which she made as she ran.
Who acts: children, dust, Nomagoda · What happens: look, see, make, run, cloud · To what, where: clouds, dust
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Runaway Children; Or, the Wonderful Feather.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, dust, Nomagoda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 2 looked | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 saw | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 saw | cc |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 7 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 saw | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 dust | case |
| 9 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 clouds | nmod |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 made | nsubj |
| 11 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 made | nsubj |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dust | acl:relcl |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 ran | mark |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 ran | nsubj |
| 15 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 made | advcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | children = child | behind property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | see | past | children = child not said here | clouds of dust | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cloud=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | make | past | dust | Nomagoda nsubj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | run | past | Nomagoda | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | cloud | dust | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/12/38/