Kaffir folk-lore, The Runaway Children; Or, the Wonderful Feather., sentence 45
Then she began to chop at the tree again; but as soon as a chip was loose the feather sang—
Who acts: Nomagoda, chip, feather · What happens: begin, chop, be, sing
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Runaway Children; Or, the Wonderful Feather.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nomagoda, chip, feather), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 began | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 chop | mark |
| 5 | chop | chop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 tree | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 tree | det |
| 8 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 chop | obl |
| 9 | again | again | ADV | _ | 5 chop | advmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 loose | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 loose | cc |
| 12 | as | as | ADV | _ | 13 soon | advmod |
| 13 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 loose | advmod |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 loose | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 chip | det |
| 16 | chip | chip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 loose | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 loose | cop |
| 18 | loose | loose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 began | parataxis |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 feather | det |
| 20 | feather | feather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sang | nsubj |
| 21 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 loose | ccomp |
| 22 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Nomagoda | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | chop | to-infinitive | Nomagoda not said here | again | at the tree | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at tree=Patient | |||
| 3 | is | past | a chip | loose, soon property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | sing speech: express | past | the feather | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/12/45/