Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Ironside and His Sister., sentence 41
After they had crossed, Ironside struck the river with his iron rod, and said: “River, I have found my sister.
Who acts: cannibals, Ironside · What happens: cross, strike, say, find · To what, where: river, sister · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Ironside and His Sister.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cannibals, Ironside), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 4 crossed | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 crossed | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 crossed | aux |
| 4 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 struck | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 crossed | punct |
| 6 | Ironside | Ironside | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 struck | nsubj |
| 7 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 river | det |
| 9 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 struck | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 rod | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 rod | nmod:poss |
| 12 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rod | compound |
| 13 | rod | rod | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 struck | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 said | cc |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 struck | conj |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 River | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 River | punct |
| 19 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 said | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 found | punct |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 found | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 found | aux |
| 23 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 River | acl |
| 24 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 sister | nmod:poss |
| 25 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 found | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past · perfect | cannibals = cannibal | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | strike | past | Ironside | the river | with Ironside's iron rod | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent river=Patient with rod=Instrument | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Ironside not said here | River | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent river=Topic | ||||
| 4 | find in a quote | present · perfect | Ironside | my sister | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sister=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/13/41/