Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Cannibal Mother and Her Children., sentence 41
When she was near them, the boy said to the girl: “My sister, sing your melodious song; perhaps when she hears it she will be sorry, and go home without hurting us.”
Who acts: woman, boy, sister, your · What happens: be, say, sing, hear, go, hurt · To what, where: girl, melodious song, song, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Cannibal Mother and Her Children.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, boy, sister, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 them | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 them | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 them | cop |
| 4 | near | near | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 them | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 boy | det |
| 8 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 girl | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 girl | det |
| 12 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 sing | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 sing | punct |
| 15 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 sister | nmod:poss |
| 16 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sing | nsubj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 sister | punct |
| 18 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | conj |
| 19 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 song | nmod:poss |
| 20 | melodious | melodious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 song | amod |
| 21 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sing | obj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 hears | punct |
| 23 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 26 hears | advmod |
| 24 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 hears | advmod |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 hears | nsubj |
| 26 | hears | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 hears | obj |
| 28 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 sorry | nsubj |
| 29 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 sorry | aux |
| 30 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 sorry | cop |
| 31 | sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 hears | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 go | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 go | cc |
| 34 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 31 sorry | parataxis |
| 35 | home | home | ADV | _ | 34 go | advmod |
| 36 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 37 hurting | mark |
| 37 | hurting | hurt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 go | advcl |
| 38 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 hurting | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 sorry | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 hears | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | woman | near man | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the boy | the girl | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to girl=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | sing speech: express in a quote | infinitive | My sister | your melodious song | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | present | woman | song | perhaps property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | is in a quote | future | woman | sorry property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | go in a quote | infinitive | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | hurt in a quote | gerund | us | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Patient | |||||
| 8 | sing in a quote | your | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/15/41/