Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 52
The next day the ox of the drowned one came running to the village and walked about lowing for a while, after which it tore down the old ruined house of Mahlunguluza with its horns.
Who acts: ox · What happens: drown, come, run, walk, low, tore down · To what, where: old ruined house
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 day | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 day | amod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 ox | det |
| 5 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 one | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 one | det |
| 8 | drowned | drown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 one | amod |
| 9 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ox | nmod |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 came | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 village | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 village | det |
| 14 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 running | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 walked | cc |
| 16 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 came | conj |
| 17 | about | about | SCONJ | _ | 18 lowing | mark |
| 18 | lowing | low | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 walked | advcl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 while | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 while | det |
| 21 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lowing | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 tore | punct |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 24 which | case |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 tore | obl |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 tore | nsubj |
| 26 | tore | tore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 came | conj |
| 27 | down | down | ADP | _ | 26 tore | compound:prt |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 house | det |
| 29 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 house | amod |
| 30 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 house | amod |
| 31 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tore | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Mahlunguluza | case |
| 33 | Mahlunguluza | Mahlunguluza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 house | nmod |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 horns | case |
| 35 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 horns | nmod:poss |
| 36 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 tore | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drown | participle | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | come | past | the ox of the drowned one | day | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | run | gerund | the ox of the drowned one not said here | to the village result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to village=Result | ||||
| 4 | walk | past | the ox of the drowned one not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | low | gerund | the ox of the drowned one not said here | while | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | tore down | past | ox | the old ruined house of Mahlunguluza | with ox's horns; which obl | tree rules | |||
| 7 | ruin | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/52/