Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Long Snake., sentence 14
Having arrived in the open fields she did not cut the firewood, but she threw away the axe and ran to her father’s place.
Who acts: mother · What happens: have, arrive, not cut, throw away, run · To what, where: open fields, firewood, axe
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Long Snake.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 cut | csubj |
| 2 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | xcomp |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 fields | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 fields | det |
| 5 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 fields | amod |
| 6 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 arrived | obl |
| 7 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 cut | nsubj |
| 8 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 cut | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 cut | advmod |
| 10 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 firewood | det |
| 12 | firewood | firewood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cut | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 threw | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 threw | cc |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 threw | nsubj |
| 16 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 cut | parataxis |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 threw | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 axe | det |
| 19 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 threw | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 ran | cc |
| 21 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 threw | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 place | case |
| 23 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 father | nmod:poss |
| 24 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 place | nmod:poss |
| 25 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 24 father | case |
| 26 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 ran | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | arrive | participle | the open fields | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not cut | past · do-support | mother | the firewood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firewood=Product | ||||
| 4 | throw away | past | mother | the axe | away property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme | |||
| 5 | run | past | mother not said here | to mother's father's place result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to place=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/18/14/