Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 10
All the news is this, that at my home there is not a grain to be eaten.
Who acts: news · What happens: be, not be, eat · To what, where: this, grain
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (news), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 news | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 news | det |
| 3 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 grain | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 this | cop |
| 5 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 news | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 that | punct |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 is | obl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 home | case |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 home | nmod:poss |
| 10 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 is | obl |
| 11 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 12 is | expl |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 grain | cop |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 grain | advmod |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 grain | det |
| 15 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 eaten | mark |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 eaten | aux:pass |
| 18 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 grain | acl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 grain | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | this | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | not is a | present | all news | a grain | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | eat | to-infinitive · passive | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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