Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 16
He replied: “I shall be able to carry them all now, because we are not far from my home.”
Who acts: famine, we · What happens: reply, be, carry · To what, where: sisters, home · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (famine, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 replied | nsubj |
| 2 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 able | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 able | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 able | nsubj |
| 6 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 able | aux |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 able | cop |
| 8 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 replied | ccomp |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 carry | mark |
| 10 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 able | xcomp |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 carry | obj |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 carry | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 home | punct |
| 15 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 22 home | mark |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 home | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 home | cop |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 far | advmod |
| 19 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 home | advmod |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 home | case |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 home | nmod:poss |
| 22 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 carry | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 replied | punct |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | famine | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | shall | famine | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | carry in a quote | to-infinitive | famine not said here | sisters = sister | now | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | we | my home | my nmod:poss; far property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/19/16/