Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 2
Their principal food during this time was nongwes (Hypoxis, p. 385, “Harvey’s Gen. S. A. Plants”), which they dug out of the ground.
Who acts: principal food, nongwes · What happens: be, dig out · To what, where: nongwes, ground
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (principal food, nongwes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 food | nmod:poss |
| 2 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 food | amod |
| 3 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 nongwes | nsubj |
| 4 | during | during | ADP | _ | 6 time | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 time | det |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 food | nmod |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 nongwes | cop |
| 8 | nongwes | nongwe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 dug | nsubj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 Hypoxis | punct |
| 10 | Hypoxis | Hypoxis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 nongwes | appos |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 p. | punct |
| 12 | p. | P. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Hypoxis | conj |
| 13 | 385 | 385 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 p. | flat |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Plants | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 Plants | punct |
| 16 | Harvey | Harvey | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Plants | nmod:poss |
| 17 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 16 Harvey | case |
| 18 | Gen. | Gen. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 S. | nmod:desc |
| 19 | S. | S. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Plants | compound |
| 20 | A. | A. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 S. | flat |
| 21 | Plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 Hypoxis | appos |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 Plants | punct |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 Hypoxis | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 dug | punct |
| 25 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 dug | nsubj |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 dug | nsubj |
| 27 | dug | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | out | out | ADP | _ | 31 ground | case |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 ground | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 ground | det |
| 31 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dug | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 dug | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | plants's principal food during this time | nongwes | Hypoxis and p. appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | dig out | past | nongwes | the ground | which nsubj | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ground=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/19/2/