Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 33

The little boy said: “Why do my father’s nongwes smell nice in roasting, and my mother’s do not smell nice?”

Who acts: little boy, nongwes, mother ’s · What happens: say, do, smell, roast, not smell · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little boy, nongwes, mother ’s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 boy	det
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 boy	amod
3	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	nsubj
4	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 smell	punct
6	“	"	PUNCT	_	13 smell	punct
7	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 do	advmod
8	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 smell	advcl
9	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 father	nmod:poss
10	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 nongwes	nmod:poss
11	’s	's	PART	_	10 father	case
12	nongwes	nongwe	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 smell	nsubj
13	smell	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 said	conj
14	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 smell	xcomp
15	in	in	SCONJ	_	16 roasting	mark
16	roasting	roast	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 nice	advcl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 smell	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 smell	cc
19	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 mother	nmod:poss
20	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 ’s	compound
21	’s	'	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 smell	nsubj
22	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 smell	aux
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 smell	advmod
24	smell	smell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 said	ccomp
25	nice	nice	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 smell	xcomp
26	?	?	PUNCT	_	24 smell	punct
27	”	"	PUNCT	_	24 smell	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	say speech: ask	past	the little boy		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do in a quote	present	my father's nongwes not said here		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	smell in a quote	present	my father's nongwes	nice property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
4	roast in a quote	gerund	my father's nongwes not said here		vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	not smell in a quote	present · do-support	mother ’s	nice property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 33

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 33