Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 50
He ran over the plain, but whenever he turned to look, the stone was there just behind him.
Who acts: Kenkebe, stone · What happens: run, turn, look, be · To what, where: plain
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kenkebe, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 ran | nsubj |
| 2 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | over | over | ADP | _ | 5 plain | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 plain | det |
| 5 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ran | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 turned | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 turned | cc |
| 8 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 10 turned | advmod |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 turned | nsubj |
| 10 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 look | mark |
| 12 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 turned | xcomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 there | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 stone | det |
| 15 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 there | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 there | cop |
| 17 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 look | parataxis |
| 18 | just | just | ADV | _ | 20 him | advmod |
| 19 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 there | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | Kenkebe | the plain | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over plain=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | turn | past | Kenkebe | whenever property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | look | to-infinitive | Kenkebe not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | is | past | the stone | behind Kenkebe; there property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/19/50/