Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 102
It was made of ox-hide stretched over a wooden frame, and varied in size and pattern among the clans.
What happens: make, stretch · To what, where: shield, ox hide, wooden frame
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 hide | case |
| 5 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hide | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 ox | punct |
| 7 | hide | hide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 8 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 hide | acl |
| 9 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 frame | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 frame | det |
| 11 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 frame | amod |
| 12 | frame | frame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 stretched | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 varied | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 varied | cc |
| 15 | varied | varied | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 made | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 size | case |
| 17 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 varied | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 pattern | cc |
| 19 | pattern | pattern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 size | conj |
| 20 | among | among | ADP | _ | 22 clans | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 clans | det |
| 22 | clans | clan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 pattern | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · passive | shield | of ox hide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | stretch | participle | ox hide not said here | a wooden frame | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over frame=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/102/