Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 109
They are taught to obey signals, as, for instance, to run home upon a certain call or whistle being given.
Who acts: cattle · What happens: teach, obey, run, give · To what, where: cattle, signals, certain call
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | aux:pass |
| 3 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 obey | mark |
| 5 | obey | obey | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 taught | xcomp |
| 6 | signals | signal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 obey | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 as | punct |
| 8 | as | as | ADV | _ | 3 taught | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 instance | punct |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 instance | case |
| 11 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 taught | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 run | punct |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 run | mark |
| 14 | run | run | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | parataxis |
| 15 | home | home | ADV | _ | 14 run | advmod |
| 16 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 19 call | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 call | det |
| 18 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 call | amod |
| 19 | call | call | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 run | obl |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 whistle | cc |
| 21 | whistle | whistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 call | conj |
| 22 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 given | aux:pass |
| 23 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 run | advcl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | present · passive | cattle | instance parataxis | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | obey | to-infinitive | cattle not said here | signals | vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme | ||||
| 3 | run | to-infinitive | a certain call or whistle | home property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon call=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | give | gerund · passive | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/109/