Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 130
It is based upon the supposition of the existence of spirits who can interfere with the affairs of this world, and who must therefore be propitiated with sacrifices.
Who acts: spirits · What happens: base, interfere, propitiate, suppose, exist · To what, where: system, existence
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 based | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 based | aux:pass |
| 3 | based | base | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 supposition | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 supposition | det |
| 6 | supposition | supposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 based | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 existence | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 existence | det |
| 9 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 supposition | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 spirits | case |
| 11 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 existence | nmod |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 interfere | nsubj |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 interfere | aux |
| 14 | interfere | interfere | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 spirits | acl:relcl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 affairs | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 affairs | det |
| 17 | affairs | affair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 interfere | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 world | case |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 world | det |
| 20 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 affairs | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 propitiated | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 propitiated | cc |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 propitiated | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 propitiated | aux |
| 25 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 27 propitiated | advmod |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 propitiated | aux:pass |
| 27 | propitiated | propitiate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 based | conj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 sacrifices | case |
| 29 | sacrifices | sacrifice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 propitiated | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 based | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | base | present · passive | system | upon the supposition of the existence of spirits | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | interfere | can | spirits | with the affairs of this world | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | propitiate | must · passive | with sacrifices; who nsubj:pass; therefore property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | suppose | the existence of spirits | nom supposition «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | exist | spirits | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/130/