Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 145
“Had he been once a chief, such as Xosa or Tshawe?”
What happens: have, be · To what, where: portion
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Had | punct |
| 2 | Had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 Had | obj |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 chief | cop |
| 5 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 7 chief | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 chief | det |
| 7 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Had | parataxis |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Xosa | punct |
| 9 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 11 Xosa | case |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 such | fixed |
| 11 | Xosa | Xosa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 chief | obl |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 Tshawe | cc |
| 13 | Tshawe | Tshawe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Xosa | conj |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 chief | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have in a quote | past | portion | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | participle | such Xosa or Tshawe; chief, once property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/145/