Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 147
“Was he the first man, the father of the nations, the one whom some of the old Fingoes call Nkulunkulu?”
Who acts: portion, some · What happens: be, call · To what, where: first man, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (portion, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 man | punct |
| 2 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 man | cop |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 man | nsubj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 father | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 father | det |
| 9 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 man | conj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 nations | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 nations | det |
| 12 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 father | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 one | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 one | det |
| 15 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 man | appos |
| 16 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 call | obj |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 call | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Fingoes | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Fingoes | det |
| 20 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Fingoes | amod |
| 21 | Fingoes | fingoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 some | nmod |
| 22 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 one | acl:relcl |
| 23 | Nkulunkulu | Nkulunkulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 call | obj |
| 24 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 man | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 man | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | past | portion | the first man and the father of the nations | the father of the nations conj; the one appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | call in a quote | infinitive | some of the old Fingoes | the one | Nkulunkulu obj | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme nkulunkulu=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/147/