Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 162
“In the olden times that was the only name, but now he is called by some u-Tixo,” (a name for God, introduced by missionaries).
Who acts: that, u Tixo · What happens: be, call, introduce · To what, where: only name, name · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, u Tixo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 name | punct |
| 2 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 times | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 times | det |
| 4 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 times | amod |
| 5 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 name | obl |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 name | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 name | cop |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 name | det |
| 9 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 name | amod |
| 10 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 called | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 called | cc |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 called | advmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 called | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 called | aux:pass |
| 16 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 name | conj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 Tixo | case |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 Tixo | det |
| 19 | u | u | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Tixo | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 u | punct |
| 21 | Tixo | Tixo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 called | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Tixo | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 Tixo | punct |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 name | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 name | det |
| 26 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Tixo | appos |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 God | case |
| 28 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 name | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 introduced | punct |
| 30 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 name | acl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 missionaries | case |
| 32 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 introduced | obl |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 introduced | punct |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 name | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | past | that | the only name | time | tree rules | |||
| 2 | call in a quote | present · passive | some u Tixo | name | now | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | |||
| 3 | introduce | participle | a name for God not said here | by missionaries | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/162/