Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 171
They did not know; but their ancestors had done the same thing, and said it was for Qamata; and so they did it too.
Who acts: acts, ancestors, thing · What happens: not know, do, say, be · To what, where: same thing, thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (acts, ancestors, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 know | advmod |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 done | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 done | cc |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 done | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 done | aux |
| 10 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 know | ccomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 thing | det |
| 12 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 thing | amod |
| 13 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 done | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 said | cc |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 done | parataxis |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 Qamata | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 Qamata | cop |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 Qamata | case |
| 20 | Qamata | Qamata | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 said | ccomp |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 did | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 did | cc |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 did | advmod |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 did | nsubj |
| 25 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | parataxis |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 did | obj |
| 27 | too | too | ADV | _ | 25 did | advmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not know | past · do-support | acts = act | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | do | past · perfect | acts's ancestors | the same thing | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is | past | thing | for Qamata | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | do | past | ancestors = ancestor | thing | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/171/