Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 190
He was then generally tied hand and foot and cast into the first stream at hand.
What happens: tie, cast · To what, where: finder, first stream
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 tied | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 tied | aux:pass |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 tied | advmod |
| 4 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 5 tied | advmod |
| 5 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tied | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 foot | cc |
| 8 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hand | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 cast | cc |
| 10 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tied | conj |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 stream | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 stream | det |
| 13 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 stream | amod |
| 14 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cast | obl |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 hand | case |
| 16 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stream | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tie | past · passive | finder | then | hand and foot obj; generally property | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient hand=Result | |||
| 2 | cast | participle | the first stream at hand | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into stream=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/190/