Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 33
The judges are guided in their proceedings by a recognised common law and by precedents, though some of them are exceedingly venal.
Who acts: recognised common law, some, judges · What happens: guide, recognise, be, proceed · To what, where: judges, proceedings
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (recognised common law, some, judges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 judges | det |
| 2 | judges | judge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 guided | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 guided | aux:pass |
| 4 | guided | guide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 proceedings | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 proceedings | nmod:poss |
| 7 | proceedings | proceedings | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 4 guided | obl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 law | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 law | det |
| 10 | recognised | recognise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 law | amod |
| 11 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 law | amod |
| 12 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 guided | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 precedents | cc |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 precedents | case |
| 15 | precedents | precedent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 law | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 venal | punct |
| 17 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 23 venal | mark |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 venal | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 some | nmod |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 venal | cop |
| 22 | exceedingly | exceedingly | ADV | _ | 23 venal | advmod |
| 23 | venal | venal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 guided | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 guided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guide | present · passive | a recognised common law and precedents | the judges | judges's proceedings | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in proceedings=Destination | |||
| 2 | recognise | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | is | present | some of judges | exceedingly, venal property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | proceed | judges = judge | nom proceedings «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/33/