Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 35
The manner in which the Kaffirs became divided into independent tribes in ancient times is clearly shown by the law of succession to the chieftainship which is in force to the present day.
Who acts: law, chieftainship · What happens: divide, show, be · To what, where: Kaffirs, manner, force
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (law, chieftainship), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 manner | det |
| 2 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shown | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 which | case |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 divided | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Kaffirs | det |
| 6 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 divided | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 divided | aux:pass |
| 8 | divided | divide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 manner | acl:relcl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 tribes | case |
| 10 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tribes | amod |
| 11 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 divided | obl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 times | case |
| 13 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 times | amod |
| 14 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 divided | obl |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 shown | aux:pass |
| 16 | clearly | clearly | ADV | _ | 17 shown | advmod |
| 17 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 law | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 law | det |
| 20 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 shown | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 succession | case |
| 22 | succession | succession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 law | nmod |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 chieftainship | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 chieftainship | det |
| 25 | chieftainship | chieftainship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 succession | nmod |
| 26 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 force | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 force | cop |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 force | case |
| 29 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 chieftainship | acl:relcl |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 day | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 day | det |
| 32 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 day | amod |
| 33 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 force | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 shown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | divide | past · passive | the Kaffirs | the manner | time | into independent tribes | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||
| 2 | show | present · passive | the law of succession to the chieftainship | the manner | clearly property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | |||
| 3 | is | present | the chieftainship | force | day | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/35/