Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 59
Thus the plural of indoda, a man, is amadoda, men; of umfazi, a woman, is abafazi, women; of isikali, a weapon, is izikali, weapons.
Who acts: amadoda · What happens: be · To what, where: amadoda, weapons
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (amadoda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 3 plural | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 plural | det |
| 3 | plural | plural | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 amadoda | advcl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 indoda | case |
| 5 | indoda | indoda | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 plural | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 man | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 man | det |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 indoda | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 plural | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 amadoda | cop |
| 11 | amadoda | amadoda | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 weapons | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 men | punct |
| 13 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 amadoda | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 umfazi | punct |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 umfazi | case |
| 16 | umfazi | umfazi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 amadoda | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 woman | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 woman | det |
| 19 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 umfazi | appos |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 abafazi | punct |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 abafazi | cop |
| 22 | abafazi | abafazi | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 umfazi | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 women | punct |
| 24 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 umfazi | conj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 isikali | punct |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 isikali | case |
| 27 | isikali | isikali | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 umfazi | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 weapon | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 weapon | det |
| 30 | weapon | weapon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 isikali | appos |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 amadoda | punct |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 weapons | cop |
| 33 | izikali | izikali | X | Foreign=Yes | 35 weapons | nsubj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 weapons | punct |
| 35 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 weapons | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | amadoda and men and umfazi and women and isikali | the plural of indoda and a man advcl; men conj; umfazi and women and isikali conj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | abafazi property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | amadoda and men and umfazi and women and isikali | weapons | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/59/