Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 69
Adjectives proper are not numerous, but their place is supplied by abstract nouns; as if we should say, a thing with goodness, instead of, a good thing.
Who acts: Adjectives, abstract nouns, we · What happens: not be, supply, say · To what, where: place, thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Adjectives, abstract nouns, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adjectives | adjective | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 numerous | nsubj |
| 2 | proper | properly | ADV | _ | 1 Adjectives | advmod |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 numerous | cop |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 numerous | advmod |
| 5 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 supplied | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 supplied | cc |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 place | nmod:poss |
| 9 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 supplied | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 supplied | aux:pass |
| 11 | supplied | supply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 numerous | parataxis |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 nouns | case |
| 13 | abstract | abstract | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 nouns | amod |
| 14 | nouns | noun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 supplied | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 say | punct |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 say | mark |
| 17 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 20 say | mark |
| 18 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 say | nsubj |
| 19 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 say | aux |
| 20 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 supplied | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 thing | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 thing | det |
| 23 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 say | obj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 goodness | case |
| 25 | goodness | goodness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 thing | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 thing | punct |
| 27 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 32 thing | case |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 instead | fixed |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 instead | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 thing | det |
| 31 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 thing | amod |
| 32 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 say | parataxis |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 numerous | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | Adjectives | numerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | supply | present · passive | abstract nouns | numerals's place | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert a condition, not said to happen | should | we | a thing | with goodness; a good thing parataxis | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent thing=Theme with goodness=Manner |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/69/