Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 71
The language of the Amaxosa contains three clicks, which are now represented in writing by the superfluous letters c, q, and x.
Who acts: language, superfluous letters c · What happens: contain, represent · To what, where: three clicks
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language, superfluous letters c), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 language | det |
| 2 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 contains | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Amaxosa | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Amaxosa | det |
| 5 | Amaxosa | Amaxosa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 language | nmod |
| 6 | contains | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 clicks | nummod |
| 8 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 contains | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 represented | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 represented | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 represented | aux:pass |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 represented | advmod |
| 13 | represented | represent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 clicks | acl:relcl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 writing | case |
| 15 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 represented | obl |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 c | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 c | det |
| 18 | superfluous | superfluous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 c | amod |
| 19 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 c | compound |
| 20 | c | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 represented | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 q | punct |
| 22 | q | Q | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 c | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 x | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 x | cc |
| 25 | x | x | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 contains | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 contains | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contain | present | the language of the Amaxosa | three clicks | x conj | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot click=Theme | |||
| 2 | represent | present · passive | the superfluous letters c and q | three clicks | now | in writing | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme in writing=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/71/