Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 81
The genealogy of the great chiefs even, as given by them, is not the same beyond the time of Sikomo, the eighth in order from the present one, while with regard to minor chiefs considerable confusion exists two or three generations later.
Who acts: genealogy · What happens: give, not be, exist · To what, where: genealogy
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (genealogy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 genealogy | det |
| 2 | genealogy | genealogy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 same | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 chiefs | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 chiefs | det |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 chiefs | amod |
| 6 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 genealogy | nmod |
| 7 | even | even | ADV | _ | 6 chiefs | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 given | punct |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 given | mark |
| 10 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 genealogy | acl |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 given | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 genealogy | punct |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 same | cop |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 same | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 same | det |
| 17 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 18 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 20 time | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 time | det |
| 20 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 same | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Sikomo | case |
| 22 | Sikomo | Sikomo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 time | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 eighth | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 eighth | det |
| 25 | eighth | eighth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Sikomo | appos |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 order | case |
| 27 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 eighth | nmod |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 one | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 one | det |
| 30 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 one | amod |
| 31 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 order | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 exists | punct |
| 33 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 41 exists | mark |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 regard | case |
| 35 | regard | regard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 exists | obl |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 chiefs | case |
| 37 | minor | minor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 chiefs | amod |
| 38 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 regard | nmod |
| 39 | considerable | considerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 confusion | amod |
| 40 | confusion | confusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 regard | conj |
| 41 | exists | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 same | parataxis |
| 42 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 45 generations | nummod |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 three | cc |
| 44 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 two | conj |
| 45 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 later | obl:unmarked |
| 46 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 41 exists | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 same | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | participle | the genealogy of the great chiefs not said here | by details = detail | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | not is | present | the genealogy of the great chiefs | time | same property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | exist | present | with regard to minor chiefs and considerable confusion; late property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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