Kaffir folk-lore, Another Story of Kenkebe., sentence 18
The man replied: “My stomach has been borrowed by an ant.”
Who acts: man, ant · What happens: reply, borrow · To what, where: stomach · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Another Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 man | det |
| 2 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 replied | nsubj |
| 3 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 replied | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 borrowed | punct |
| 6 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 stomach | nmod:poss |
| 7 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 borrowed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 borrowed | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 borrowed | aux:pass |
| 10 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 replied | parataxis |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 ant | case |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 ant | det |
| 13 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 borrowed | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 borrowed | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | the man | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | borrow in a quote | present · perfect · passive | a ant | My stomach | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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