Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Wonderful Horns., sentence 25
As he drew near, he heard the owner of the place speaking to the horns, but without getting anything out of them.
Who acts: boy, place · What happens: draw, hear, speak, get · To what, where: owner, anything · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Wonderful Horns.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 drew | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 drew | nsubj |
| 3 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | advcl |
| 4 | near | near | ADV | _ | 3 drew | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 drew | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 owner | det |
| 9 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 place | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 place | det |
| 12 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 owner | nmod |
| 13 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 place | acl |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 horns | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 horns | det |
| 16 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 speaking | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 getting | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 getting | cc |
| 19 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 20 getting | mark |
| 20 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 heard | conj |
| 21 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 20 getting | obj |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 them | case |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 them | case |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 getting | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past | boy | near property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | hear | past | boy | the owner of the place | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer owner=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | gerund | the place not said here | to the horns | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to horn=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | get | gerund | boy not said here | anything | out houses = house | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/21/25/