Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Wonderful Horns., sentence 3
One morning he went, riding on an ox which was given to him by his father.
Who acts: boy, father · What happens: go, ride, give · To what, where: ox, boy
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Wonderful Horns.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 morning | nummod |
| 2 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 went | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 went | nsubj |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 riding | punct |
| 6 | riding | ride | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 went | advcl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 ox | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 ox | det |
| 9 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 riding | obl |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 given | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 given | aux:pass |
| 12 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 ox | acl:relcl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 him | case |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 given | obl |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 father | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 father | nmod:poss |
| 17 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 given | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | boy | morning | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | ride | gerund | boy not said here | a ox | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | give | past · passive | boy's father | a ox | boy | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to he=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/21/3/